​Sandra Hale

​Sandra Hale

​Professor of Psychological & Brain Sciences
PhD, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee

MA, University of California, Riverside

BA, University of California, Riverside

contact info:

mailing address:

  • Washington University

    CB 1125

    One Brookings Drive

    St. Louis, MO 63130-4899

Professor Hale conducted research that focused on developmental changes in speed of information processing across the life span and on the role of age-related and other individual differences on other aspects of cognition.  Currently, she is beginning a two-year phased retirement during which she will be teaching and finishing up a few research projects.

In particular, Hale developed a line of research that examined the cascade of developmental changes in processing speed on the development of working memory and higher level reasoning abilities. Other research projects included examination of how sensory and cognitive abilities affect lip reading and listening comprehension in both children and adults.

Selected Publications

Chen, J., Hale, S., & Myerson, J. (2007).  Predicting the size of individual and group differences on speeded cognitive tasks.  Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 534-541.

Williams, B., Myerson, J., & Hale, S. (2008). Individual differences, intelligence, and behavior analysis.  Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 90, 219-231.

De Alwis, D., Myerson, J., Hershey, T., & Hale, S. (2009). Children’s higher-order cognitive abilities and the development of secondary memory.  Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 925-930.

Hale, S., Rose, N. S., Myerson, J., Strube, M. J, Sommers, M., Tye-Murray, N., & Spehar, B. (2011). The structure of working memory abilities across the adult life span. Psychology & Aging, 26, 92-110.

Sommers, M., Hale, S., Myerson, J., Rose, N., Tye-Murray, N., & Spehar, B. (2011).  Listening comprehension across the adult lifespan. Ear & Hearing, 32, 775-781