Sandra Hale

Sandra Hale

​Professor of Psychological & Brain Sciences
PhD, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
MA, University of California, Riverside
BA, University of California, Riverside

contact info:

mailing address:

  • Washington University
    CB 1125
    One Brookings Drive
    St. Louis, MO 63130-4899

​Professor Hale conducts research that focuses on developmental changes in speed of information processing across the life span and on the role of age-related and other individual differences on other aspects of cognition.

In particular, Hale has developed one line of research that examines the role of developmental changes in processing speed on the development of working memory and higher level reasoning abilities. Other research projects include examination of how sensory and cognitive abilities affect lip reading and listening comprehension in both children and adults.

Selected Publications

Chen, J., Hale, S., & Myerson, J. (2007).  Predicting the size of individual and group differences on speeded cognitive tasks.  Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 534-541.

Williams, B., Myerson, J., & Hale, S. (2008). Individual differences, intelligence, and behavior analysis.  Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 90, 219-231.

De Alwis, D., Myerson, J., Hershey, T., & Hale, S. (2009). Children’s higher-order cognitive abilities and the development of secondary memory.  Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 925-930.

Hale, S., Rose, N. S., Myerson, J., Strube, M. J, Sommers, M., Tye-Murray, N., & Spehar, B. (2011). The structure of working memory abilities across the adult life span. Psychology & Aging, 26, 92-110.

Sommers, M., Hale, S., Myerson, J., Rose, N., Tye-Murray, N., & Spehar, B. (2011).  Listening comprehension across the adult lifespan. Ear & Hearing, 32, 775-781