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Arts & Sciences Web Punctuation Guide

How to Style and Punctuate Headings

On Arts & Sciences websites, the default style for headings is to capitalize all words other than conjunctions, articles, and prepositions that have three or fewer letters (such as andornorbut, aan, the, asatbyforinofonper, and to). Commonly used headings that use this style include: 

  • Research Areas

  • About Our Department

  • Study Abroad

 

What are some exceptions to this rule? 

When a heading is a full sentence (but is not already in all caps or set on a colored background), use capitalization and punctuation as you normally would in your writing. See the heading above this paragraph for an example. Other sentences that you may want to use as a heading include: 

  • Why study in our department? 

  • For more information, contact the director of graduate studies:

  • Our people are extraordinary. 

 

But then why are the headings to the right all lowercase? 

In certain areas of Arts & Sciences websites, you have the option to use all lowercase headings. In these cases, the text appears as a visual design element, typically against a tinted gray, blue, yellow, or red background color. We recommend using this style only when you are intentionally seeking a more fun, modern look. Areas in which you have the option to use lowercase headings include: 

  • Sidebar titles and callouts
  • Calls to action
  • Additional resources (lowercase is the default style)
  • Any heading in which the text appears within a rectangular box, as with the dark slideshow titles on people pages
  • Video spotlight titles

optional lowercase video title

Every semester, students in the earth and planetary sciences department visit remarkable locations, such as this mountaintop.

call to action heading

The call to action area of the multipurpose page is one area in which you may choose to use a lowercase heading.

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Student Resources Heading

Arts & Sciences offers a range of resources to help you succeed. This area previews some of the available resources. Resource cards should include brief, all-lowercase descriptions without end punctuation, as shown below. To edit a resource card, go to "find content" and search for the resource content type. 

Additional Tips for Headings

Consistency

Try to use the same heading style throughout any one particular section on your website. For example, if you are using lowercase headings in a sidebar, use lowercase for both the title (up top) and the callout (above the button). When text areas have multiple headings, use the same style for all text marked as "Heading 2," "Heading 3," and so on. Even if you are following guidelines, mixing and matching your styles can lead to an overall sloppy experience.

Headings and Accessibility

When creating and formatting your headings, remember to use appropriate tags. Main sections should be tagged as heading 2, subections as heading 3, and lower-level subsections as heading 4. These tags are important for seeing-impaired website users, since the tags allow screen readers to jump to different headings in order to navigate a page. Do not use bold normal text as a header. 

Cautionary Tale: Extra-Long Title of Very Specific Opportunity at the Center for Advanced Study

When possible, avoid using very long headings like the example above. 

Further Guidance

Always feel free to reach out to the Arts & Sciences Communications staff if you have questions or would like someone to review your website. We are here to help! 

Additional Resources Heading

Yaala Mueller

Remember that there is no single path to WashU. You might not even be able to guess what those around you have been through to get here. So, when in doubt, ask. Don’t settle for your own assumptions, as they will not substitute the truth.

―Yaala Muller, LA '17Student Speaker at Convocation 2016